Class 10- NCERT Notes Chapter 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations

Class 10- NCERT Notes Chapter 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations-CBSE HUB ONLINE

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Chemical reactions and equations Online Test

 For  this Online test we have choosen best and Important MCQs for Your cbse class 10 science chemical reactions and equations mcq. Which Will be Very helpful for your Competitive Exams because these are Fully based on CBSE class 10 science chemical reactions and equations ncert Based.

Chemical Change: It is a process of change in which now substances with new properties are formed Some common chemical changes seen in our daily lives are ripening of fruit, fermentation of fruit juice, cooking of food, digestion of food, burning of fuel respiration,Burning of Paper,Burning of magnesium Ribbon,Burning Of Wax.

Chemical Reaction: It is a chemical change in which one or more substances react to form one or more products of entirely different properties by undergoing a change in state, colour, temperature or due to evolution of gas. Rearrangement of atoms also takes place in a chemical reaction

Chemical Equation: It is a representation of a chemical reaction in terms of standard symbols and formulae used for the reactants and the products. It comprises of reactants, products and an arrow - sign. For example, magnesium ribbon burns with oxygen present in the air to form a white powder of magnesium oxide, which can be represented as:

Balanced and Unbalanced Chemical Equations:

Equation having an equal number of atoms or masses of various elements in the reactants as well as products is balanced chemical equation but that having an unequal number of both is an unbalanced chemical equation.

Types of Chemical Reactions:

Chemical reactions are of the following types:

1.    Combination Reaction:

 It is the reaction in which two or more reactants combine to form a single compound. For example,

2. Decomposition Reaction:

It is the reaction in which a single reactant breaks up to give two or more simpler products. These reactions are carried out by applying heat (thermal decomposition), light (photochemical decomposition) or electricity (electrolysis or electrolytic decomposition). For example,

This reaction is known as electrolysis of water.

3. Displacement Reaction:

 It is the reaction in which one element takes the place of another element in a compound. A more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from its compound. For example,

These reactions are also called single displacement reactions.

4. Double Displacement Reaction:

 it is the reaction in which anions and cations of two different reactant molecules interchange their positions to form two extremely different compounds. For example,

These reactions are also called precipitation reactions.

5. Oxidation and Reduction Reactions or Redox Reaction:

(i)              Oxidation: In it, a substance gains oxygen or loses hydrogen during a reaction

(ii)            Reduction: In it, a substance loses oxygen or gains hydrogen during a reaction.

 

MNEMONICS

Concept: Definition of oxidation and reduction

Mnemonics: OIL RIG Interpretation:

OIL = Oxidation Is Loss ( of hydrogen)

RIG = Reduction Is Gain (of hydrogen)

(iii) Redox Reaction: In it, oxidation and reduction occur simultaneously. Redox is the short form of reduction oxidation-Reduction.

Exothermic Reactions:

These are the reactions in which heat is released along with the formation of products. For example, respiration.

Endothermic Reactions:

 These are the reactions in which heat is absorbed along with the formation of products. For example, melting of ice to form water. Decomposition of Calcium Carbonate On Heating.

Corrosion: 

It is the process of slow conversion of metals into their undesirable compounds by the action of moisture, water, acids and air. It causes damage to car bodies, bridges, iron railings, ships and other metal objects of daily use.

The formation of rust (reddish-brown coating of hydrated iron (III) oxide, Fe2O3.XH2O) on iron, green coating on copper and black coating on silver are all examples of corrosion.

Corrosion can be prevented by applying a layer of oil and grease, or coating the iron article with a thick layer of zinc (Galvanization);

Rancidity: It is the phenomenon in which food items containing and fats when exposed to air give an unpleasant smell and this is due to oils and fats present in the food items getting oxidize by air, heat and light. The methods to prevent rancidity are:      

1. Keeping food in air-tight containers.
2. By adding antioxidants to food.
3. By packaging fat and oil containing food with nitrogen.

 

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