Basic Science Class 6 solution pdf Chapter 1 Matter and its Nature

Maloutiabhai September 26, 2022 BASIC SCIIENCE SOLUTION



CLASS 6 BASIC SCIENCE SOLUTIONS
CHAPTER 1 MATTER AND ITS NATURE


Answers to Exercises

Part A

1. Anything that occupies space and has mass is matter, for example, books, clothes, food, etc.

2.   The change in the state of matter from one to another, for example, from solid to liquid, is called interconversion of state.

3.   The phenomenon of some solids vaporising without melting is called sublimation. Examples of such solids are camphor and naphthalene.

4.   An alloy is a mixture in which a metal is mixed with another metal or a nonmetal. The components are so thoroughly mixed that the whole thing appears to be a single substance, for example, steel, brass.

5.   An atom is made up of electrons, protons and neutrons.

6.   The electron in an atom is negatively charged. The proton is positively charged and the neutron has no charge.

Part    B

     1. A solid has a fixed volume and a definite shape. A liquid has a fixed volume but no definite shape. It takes the shape of the container. A gas has neither a fixed volume nor a definite shape. It assumes the volume and shape of the container. In other words, a gas occupies all the space available to it.

      2.   Substances that ordinarily exist in the gaseous state, for example, hydrogen, oxygen, etc., are called gases whereas substances that ordinarily exist as solids or liquids are called vapours in the gaseous state. For example, sulphur (ordinarily a solid) is called sulphur vapour in the gaseous state.

      3.   Magnesium, calcium and iron are examples of metals. Metals are generally hard, ductile (can be bent without being broken) and malleable (can be pressed into sheets or foils). They are also sonorous. (They produce a metallic sound when hit by a hard object).

       4.   Carbon, sulphur and phosphorus are examples of nonmetals. They have no lustre. They are nonsonorous, and brittle if solids.

       5.   A substance is homogeneous if the different parts of it have the same property and composition, e.g., water, salt and gold. A substance is heterogeneous if the different parts of it differ in property and composition, for example, a mixture of sand and water, and one of rice and stones.

PART C.      

1. Anything that is not matter but has the capacity to do work is energy. For example, light and heat are not matter but forms of energy because they do not have mass, but they have the capacity to do work. Light helps plants make food and heat helps us cook our food. Electricity and sound are also forms of energy. Electricity makes fans move and trains run. Sound makes your eardrums vibrate so that you can hear.

2.   Metals

(a)    We use metals in the construction of houses, railway tracks and aircraft.

(b)    They are also used in making agricultural tools.

(c)    They are used in the manufacture of utensils.

(d)    They are used to make automobiles.

(e)    Metals are used in the transmission of electricity.

Nonmetals

(a)    Coal, which is used as a fuel, is mainly made up of carbon.

(b)    Oxygen is essential for breathing.

(c)    Chlorine is used to kill germs present in drinking water.

(d)    Iodine is used to heal wounds and sprains.

(e)    Sulphur is used to cure skin diseases.

3.   At the centre of the atom, there is a nucleus, which consists of protons and neutrons. At a distance from the nucleus, there are electrons revolving round it. The nucleus is positively charged due to the protons in it. But the same number of electrons revolve round the nucleus and balance the positive charge of the nucleus. So the atom has no net electrical charge on it. In other words, the atom is electrically neutral.


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