Electricity Class 10 Notes Has The Answer To Everything about Electricity.(Part-2)

Electricity Class 10 Notes Has The Answer To Everything about Electricity.(Part-2)

Series and parallel connection or resistance:-

Series Combination:-

Two or more resistances are said to be connected in series connection.If the same current is flowing through them.

OR if two resistances are join end to end and having only one end common than also we can say that they are connected in the series combination.

Derivation:-

Consider three resistances are R₁, R_2, and R₃ three resistances connected in the series combination through which current (I) is passed and V₁, V_2, and V₃ are the potential difference across R₁, R_2, and R_3. 

_So, V=V₁+V₂ + V_{3 ____ (i)}

_{By ohm's law V =I R}

V₁ =I R₁

V₂ =I R₂

V₃ =I R₃

_{Take these equations as 2nd equation}

_{when we put equation 2nd in equation 1 then we will get,}

Parallel Combination:-

Two or more resistances are said to be connected in parallel connection. If the same potential difference across all the resistances but different amount of the current is flowing through them.

OR if two resistances are joined such that they are having both the end common than also we can say that they are connected in the parallel combination.

Derivation:-

Consider three resistances are R₁, R_2, and R₃ three resistances connected in the parallel combination through which current (I) is passed and V₁, V_2, and V₃ are the potential difference across R₁, R_2, and R_3. 

_So,  I=I₁+I₂ + I_{3 ____ (i)}

_{By ohm's law I =V/R}

_{Heating  effect of the Electric current:-}

When an electric current is passed through bulb filament it gets hot and it glows and emitted light similarly when current is passing through a filament of electric iron. The iron becomes very hit and there is increase  in the temperature which is called heating effect  of the electric current.

        Consider a circuit  whose resistance is 'R' through which current is passing and  having a potential difference 'V'  and charge 'Q' is passing through circuit ,heat is produced that is 

U=H=Q*V ________(1)

By the ohm's law,        V= I R       _______(2)

Q=i*t       _________(3)

put these equations 2nd and 3rd in the equation 1st,we get

U= I²Rt 

By multiplying and dividing R

H=U = I²R²t / R = I²Rt  

= i*i*r*t

We know that V= iR

then U= H= V i t 

Electric power :-

We know  rate of doing work is called power. In a similar way, the rate at which electric energy produced or consumed per unit time called is Electric power.

Formula 

Units: It has a unit Watt/ kilometer.

Joule's law of heating:-

According to joule's law of heating .when current is passed through any heating device (element) the heat is produced . The heat produced is directly proportional to the square of current passing through it.and it is directly proportional to the time for which the current is passing through a wire.

H=i²Rt

Units:- It has unit joule ( J ).

How to calculate the least count of a meter?

To calculate the least count of a meter use this formula

Electric Bulb:-

an electric bulb has a simple structure. It consists of a sealed glass bulb that has a tungsten filament connected to two electrical contacts. The bulbs us filled with an interactive gas like argon (Ar), nitrogen. To produce white light, the filament has to be heated to about 3000℃ by passing a current through it. Tungsten is used for the filament because its melting point is about 3400℃. The sealed glass bulb serves two purposes first, it protects the filament from oxidation and the effects of humidity. second, the small enclosed volume makes it easier to maintain the required temperature as without it loss of heat would be more.

Fuse:- 

A fuse is a safety device that does not allow excessive current to flow through an electric circuit. It consists of a metallic wire of low melting point, fixed between two terminals of a fuse plug. A fuse is connected in series with an appliance. So, the current through the fuse as the same as the through the appliance. Of the current exceeds a safe value, the heat produced in the fuse wire causes it to melt immediately. This breaks the circuit preventing any damage to the device.

Related Notes:-

If you want to read the first part of these notes then click on the following link

Electricity Class 10 Notes Has The Answer To Everything about Electricity.(Part-1)